Henri Alleg

Harry Salem, yang dikenal sebagai Henri Alleg, lahir 20 Juli 1921 di London dan meninggal 17 Juli 2013 di arondisemen ke-19 Paris, adalah seorang jurnalis Perancis, anggota Partai Komunis Perancis (PCF), dan mantan direktur Alger Républicain. Dia terutama adalah penulis "La Question," sebuah buku yang mengecam penyiksaan selama Perang Aljazair. Lahir di London dari orang tua Yahudi Rusia-Polandia, Henri Alleg tidak pernah sepenuhnya menerima identitas Yahudinya karena pandangannya terhadap Israel sebagai agen kolonialisme rasis. Alleg menghabiskan sebagian masa kecilnya di Paris di mana, selama Perang Saudara Spanyol, ia menghadapi lingkungan sekolah yang semakin terpolitisasi dengan pengungsi Italia yang menentang kedatangan Mussolini di Prancis bersama dengan orang-orang Yahudi Jerman. Alleg berangkat ke Aljazair pada tahun 1939 dan, pada usia 18 tahun, menjadi dekat dengan Partai Komunis Aljazair. Pada tahun 1946, ia menikah dengan Gilberte Serfaty, yang, seperti dia, kemudian menjadi aktivis komunis yang bersemangat. Pada tahun 1951, ia menjadi editor surat kabar harian Alger Républicain. Dia melakukan gerakan bawah tanah pada tahun 1955, ketika surat kabar Alger Républicain dilarang. Boualem Khalfa, orang Muslim pertama yang mengepalai sebuah surat kabar harian besar, telah meninggalkan jabatannya pada tahun sebelumnya untuk bergabung dengan pers Partai Komunis Aljazair. Henri Alleg, bagaimanapun, terus mengirimkan artikel ke Prancis, beberapa di antaranya diterbitkan oleh L'Humanité. Dia ditangkap pada tanggal 12 Juni 1957, oleh pasukan terjun payung DP5 ke-10, di rumah temannya Maurice Audin, seorang asisten matematika muda dan sesama aktivis Partai Komunis Aljazair, yang telah ditangkap sehari sebelumnya dan disiksa sampai mati. Dia ditawan selama sebulan di El-Biar, di mana dia disiksa dalam beberapa sesi. Dia dilaporkan bertahan melawan para penyiksanya, terutama Letnan André Charbonnier dan Philippe Erulin di bawah komando Kapten Marcel Devis, dengan menyatakan: "Saya menunggumu: saya tidak takut padamu." Dia kemudian dipindahkan ke kamp Lodi (Provinsi Médéa), kemudian ke Barberousse, penjara sipil yang kejam di Algiers. Dipindahkan ke Prancis, dia dipenjarakan di penjara Rennes. Mengambil keuntungan dari tinggal di rumah sakit, dia melarikan diri. Dengan bantuan aktivis komunis, ia mencapai Cekoslowakia, khususnya berkat Alfred Locussol. Dia kembali ke Prancis setelah Perjanjian Evian, lalu ke Aljazair, di mana dia berpartisipasi dalam kebangkitan surat kabar Alger Républicain. "Persona non grata" di Aljazair setelah kudeta Houari Boumédiène, ia kembali ke Prancis pada tahun 1965. Ia melanjutkan tulisannya antara tahun 1966 dan 1980 untuk surat kabar harian L'Humanité, di mana ia menjadi sekretaris jenderal. Dia menetap di Palaiseau, di mana dia tinggal sampai akhir hayatnya. Pada tahun 2005, ia ikut menandatangani surat kepada Presiden Republik, meminta pemerintah Perancis untuk mengakui ditinggalkannya Harkis pada tahun 1962. Henri Alleg meninggal pada tanggal 17 Juli 2013. Saat pemakamannya di Pemakaman Père Lachaise pada tanggal 29 Juli 2013, di hadapan perwakilan pemerintah Prancis dan Aljazair, Presiden Aljazair mengenang dalam pesan yang dibacakan atas namanya bahwa buku "Pertanyaan" adalah "salah satu teks utama yang, melalui dampak universal dan kesadaran yang dibangkitkannya di seluruh dunia, tidak dapat disangkal telah berkontribusi dalam melayani tujuan mulia hak asasi manusia secara umum." Henri Alleg dimakamkan di Pemakaman Palaiseau.

Harry Salem, known as Henri Alleg, born July 20, 1921 in London and died July 17, 2013 in the 19th arrondissement of Paris, was a French journalist, member of the French Communist Party (PCF), and former director of Alger Républicain. He is notably the author of "La Question," a book denouncing torture during the Algerian War. Born in London to Russo-Polish Jewish parents, Henri Alleg never fully embraced his Jewish identity due to his views on Israel as an agent of racist colonialism. Alleg spent part of his childhood in Paris where, during the Spanish Civil War, he encountered an increasingly politicized school environment with Italian refugees who opposed Mussolini's arrival in France along with German Jews. Alleg left for Algeria in 1939 and, at the age of 18, became closely associated with the Algerian Communist Party. In 1946, he married Gilberte Serfaty, who, like him, would become an ardent communist activist. In 1951, he became editor of the daily newspaper Alger Républicain. He went underground in 1955, when the newspaper Alger Républicain was banned. Boualem Khalfa, the first Muslim to head a major daily newspaper, had left the previous year to join the Algerian Communist Party press. Henri Alleg, however, continued to send articles to France, some of which were published by L'Humanité. He was arrested on June 12, 1957, by paratroopers of the 10th DP5, at the home of his friend Maurice Audin, a young mathematics assistant and fellow Algerian Communist Party activist, who had been arrested the day before and tortured to death. He was held captive for a month in El-Biar, where he was tortured in several sessions. He reportedly stood his ground against his torturers, primarily Lieutenants André Charbonnier and Philippe Erulin under the command of Captain Marcel Devis, declaring: "I'm waiting for you: I'm not afraid of you." He was then transferred to the Lodi camp (Médéa Province), then to Barberousse, the harsh civilian prison in Algiers. Transferred to France, he was imprisoned in Rennes prison. Taking advantage of a stay in a hospital, he escaped. With the help of communist activists, he reached Czechoslovakia, thanks in particular to Alfred Locussol. He returned to France after the Evian Accords, then to Algeria, where he participated in the revival of the newspaper Alger Républicain. "Persona non grata" in Algeria following Houari Boumédiène's coup d'état, he returned to France in 1965. He resumed his writing between 1966 and 1980 for the daily newspaper L'Humanité, where he became secretary-general. He settled in Palaiseau, where he remained until the end of his life. In 2005, he co-signed a letter to the President of the Republic, asking the French government to recognize the abandonment of the Harkis in 1962. Henri Alleg died on July 17, 2013. During his funeral at Père Lachaise Cemetery on July 29, 2013, in the presence of representatives of the French and Algerian governments, the Algerian President recalled in a message read on his behalf that the book "The Question" is "one of the major texts which, through their universal impact and the awareness they have raised throughout the world, have undeniably contributed to serving the noble cause of human rights in general." Henri Alleg is buried in the Palaiseau Cemetery.