Marcel Ichac

Marcel Ichac, lahir 22 Oktober 1906 di Rueil-Malmaison (Seine-et-Oise) dan meninggal 9 April 1994 di Ézanville (Val-d'Oise), adalah seorang pembuat film, fotografer, penjelajah, dan pendaki gunung Perancis. Dia adalah saudara laki-laki Pierre Ichac (1901-1978). "Seorang ahli pembuatan film dokumenter yang hebat," menurut sejarawan Jean Tulard, Marcel Ichac secara khusus dianggap sebagai "pembuat film terhebat yang berspesialisasi dalam film pegunungan di Prancis dan tidak diragukan lagi di dunia" pada generasinya oleh Georges Sadoul. Awalnya seorang pemain ski dan pendaki gunung, seorang saksi hebat pendakian gunung Perancis, Marcel Ichac kemudian menjadi, melalui keragaman ruang yang ia jelajahi, pembuat film eksplorasi Perancis pada tahun 1930an dan 1950an (dua ekspedisi Perancis pertama ke Himalaya pada tahun 1936 dan 1950, selam scuba dengan Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Greenland dengan Paul-Émile Victor, film dokumenter gua pertama di dunia, terutama dengan Norbert Casteret, dll.). Marcel Ichac merevolusi pembuatan film dokumenter dengan keinginannya untuk menempatkan penonton sebagai inti aksi, terobsesi pada keaslian. Hal ini memerlukan, selain mendampingi atlet dalam usahanya, inovasi teknis (meluasnya penggunaan kamera ringan, sedangkan kamera pada masa itu umumnya berat dan tidak bergerak), inovasi artistik (kamera subjektif, dipasang di papan ski, dibawa di bahu, dll., memotret dari sudut pandang pendaki gunung), dan inovasi naratif. Marcel Ichac dianggap sebagai pelopor "cinema verité" dan doku-fiksi. Selain itu, Marcel Ichac memainkan peran perintis, baik di bidang teknis (terutama dengan produksi film Prancis pertama di CinemaScope, dll.), institusi (mendirikan Group of Thirty untuk mempromosikan film pendek), dan individu (meluncurkan Jacques Ertaud, Jean-Jacques Languepin, Gérard Oury, Jean-Louis Trintignant, dan Robert Enrico ke dalam industri film). Marcel Ichac menerima penghargaan tertinggi di dunia perfilman (Oscar di Hollywood, penghargaan di Festival Film Cannes dan Festival Film Venesia, belum lagi festival yang mengkhususkan diri pada sinema pegunungan dan eksplorasi). Marcel Ichac membanggakan lebih dari seratus pendakian atas namanya sebagai pendaki gunung. Dia adalah anggota Explorers Club of New York, French Society of Explorers, dan Groupe de Haute Montagne (GHM), begitu pula istrinya, Gabrielle Ichac-Lartigue, yang juga seorang pendaki gunung berpengalaman. Ketika pendakian gunung yang tinggi tertutup baginya pada usia 70 tahun, Marcel Ichac mulai berlari dan berjalan jarak jauh. Dia secara teratur berkompetisi di Millau 100K (Prancis) dan New York City Marathon, di mana dia memenangkan tempat pertama dalam kategori Diamond Age untuk mereka yang berusia di atas 80 tahun pada tahun 1986.

Marcel Ichac, born October 22, 1906 in Rueil-Malmaison (Seine-et-Oise) and died April 9, 1994 in Ézanville (Val-d'Oise), was a French filmmaker, photographer, explorer, and mountaineer. He was the brother of Pierre Ichac (1901-1978). "A great master of documentary filmmaking," according to historian Jean Tulard, Marcel Ichac is particularly considered "the greatest filmmaker specializing in mountain films in France and undoubtedly in the world" of his generation by Georges Sadoul. Initially a skier and mountaineer, a great witness to French mountaineering, Marcel Ichac went on to become, through the diversity of the spaces he explored, the filmmaker of French exploration in the 1930s and 1950s (the first two French expeditions to the Himalayas in 1936 and 1950, scuba diving with Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Greenland with Paul-Émile Victor, the world's first caving documentaries, notably with Norbert Casteret, etc.). Marcel Ichac revolutionized documentary filmmaking with his desire to place the viewer at the heart of the action, obsessing over authenticity. This required, beyond accompanying the athlete in his efforts, technical innovations (the widespread use of lightweight cameras, whereas the cameras of the time were generally heavy and fixed), artistic innovations (the subjective camera, mounted on skis, carried on the shoulder, etc., shooting from the mountaineer's perspective), and narrative innovations. Marcel Ichac is considered a pioneer of "cinema verité" and docu-fiction. Beyond that, Marcel Ichac played a pioneering role, both in the technical field (notably with the production of the first French film in CinemaScope, etc.), institutions (founding the Group of Thirty to promote short films), and individuals (launching Jacques Ertaud, Jean-Jacques Languepin, Gérard Oury, Jean-Louis Trintignant, and Robert Enrico into the film industry). Marcel Ichac received the highest accolades in world cinema (an Oscar in Hollywood, awards at the Cannes Film Festival and the Venice Film Festival, not to mention festivals specializing in mountain and exploration cinema). Marcel Ichac boasted over a hundred ascents to his name as a mountaineer. He was a member of the Explorers Club of New York, the French Society of Explorers, and the Groupe de Haute Montagne (GHM), as was his wife, Gabrielle Ichac-Lartigue, herself an experienced mountaineer. When high mountain climbing was closed to him at the age of 70, Marcel Ichac took up running and long-distance walking. He regularly competed in the Millau 100K (France) and the New York City Marathon, where he won first place in the Diamond Age category for those over 80 in 1986.