Miloš Forman

Jan Tomáš "Miloš" Forman (/ˈmsayaloʊʃ/; bahasa Ceko: [ˈmɪloʃ ˈforman]; 18 Februari 1932 – 13 April 2018) adalah seorang sutradara, penulis skenario, aktor, dan profesor asal Ceko dan Amerika yang menjadi terkenal di negara asalnya Cekoslowakia sebelum beremigrasi ke Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1968. Forman adalah tokoh penting dalam Gelombang Baru Cekoslowakia. Pakar film dan otoritas Cekoslowakia melihat filmnya tahun 1967, The Firemen's Ball, sebagai sindiran pedas terhadap Komunisme Eropa Timur. Film ini awalnya ditayangkan di bioskop di negara asalnya dalam suasana Musim Semi Praha yang lebih reformis. Namun, film tersebut kemudian dilarang oleh pemerintah Komunis setelah invasi oleh negara-negara Pakta Warsawa pada tahun 1968. Forman kemudian terpaksa meninggalkan Cekoslowakia menuju Amerika Serikat, di mana ia terus membuat film, memperoleh kesuksesan kritis dan finansial yang lebih luas. Pada tahun 1975, ia menyutradarai One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) yang dibintangi Jack Nicholson sebagai pasien di rumah sakit jiwa. Film ini mendapat pengakuan luas, dan merupakan film kedua dalam sejarah yang memenangkan kelima Academy Awards utama: Film Terbaik, Sutradara, Skenario, Aktor Pemeran Utama, dan Aktris Pemeran Utama. Pada tahun 1978, ia menyutradarai musikal anti-perang Hair yang ditayangkan perdana di Festival Film Cannes 1979. Pada tahun 1981, ia menyutradarai film drama pergantian abad, Ragtime, yang terkenal dengan pemain ansambelnya yang besar. Film ini kemudian menerima 8 nominasi Academy Award. Fitur berikutnya adalah film biografi periode, Amadeus (1984), berdasarkan kehidupan musisi klasik terkenal Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart yang dibintangi oleh Tom Hulce, dan F. Murray Abraham. Film ini sukses secara kritis dan finansial dengan mendapatkan 11 nominasi dengan 8 kemenangan termasuk untuk Film Terbaik, dan satu kemenangan lagi untuk Forman sebagai Sutradara Terbaik. Pada tahun 1996, Forman kembali menerima nominasi Academy Award untuk Sutradara Terbaik untuk The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996). Sepanjang karir Forman ia memenangkan 2 Academy Awards, 3 Golden Globe Awards, Grand Prix di Festival Film Cannes, Golden Bear di Festival Film Berlin, sebuah British Academy Film Award, sebuah César Award, David di Donatello Award, dan Czech Lion. Deskripsi di atas dari artikel Wikipedia Miloš Forman, berlisensi CC-BY-SA, daftar lengkap kontributor di Wikipedia.

Jan Tomáš "Miloš" Forman (/ˈmiːloʊʃ/; Czech: [ˈmɪloʃ ˈforman]; February 18, 1932 – April 13, 2018) was a Czech and American film director, screenwriter, actor, and professor who rose to fame in his native Czechoslovakia before emigrating to the United States in 1968. Forman was an important figure in the Czechoslovak New Wave. Film scholars and Czechoslovak authorities saw his 1967 film The Firemen's Ball as a biting satire on Eastern European Communism. The film was initially shown in theatres in his home country in the more reformist atmosphere of the Prague Spring. However, it was later banned by the Communist government after the invasion by the Warsaw Pact countries in 1968. Forman was subsequently forced to leave Czechoslovakia for the United States, where he continued making films, gaining wider critical and financial success. In 1975, he directed One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) starring Jack Nicholson as a patient in a mental institution. The film received widespread acclaim, and was the second in history to win all five major Academy Awards: Best Picture, Director, Screenplay, Actor in Leading Role, and Actress in Leading Role. In 1978, he directed the anti-war musical Hair which premiered at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival. In 1981, he directed the turn of the century drama film, Ragtime, which was known for its large ensemble cast. The film went on to receive 8 Academy Award nominations. His next feature was a period biographical film, Amadeus (1984), based on the life of famed classical musician Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart starring Tom Hulce, and F. Murray Abraham. The film was both a critical and financial success earning 11 nominations with 8 wins including for Best Picture, and another win for Forman as Best Director. In 1996, Forman received another Academy Award nomination for Best Director for The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996). Throughout Forman's career he won 2 Academy Awards, 3 Golden Globe Awards, Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival, Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival, a British Academy Film Award, a César Award, David di Donatello Award, and the Czech Lion. Description above from the Wikipedia article Miloš Forman, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.